4/7InkzHVUEQeEdU9vpc1tikzEhChrKmPfvXI-FSDBrBQ

Art and Religion

Mobile Worship: The New Church Bulletin

seismic shiftToday’s Tablets = Yesterday’s Stained Glass Windows

In medieval times, when most lowly villagers could not read, the church used art and architecture to teach. Sculpture, stained windows, and elaborate murals communicated when the words of the priest failed. It would have been less expensive and more effective for priests to speak to the congregation in the language they used to barter for eggs, but that didn’t occur to anyone for a few hundred years. (Thank you Martin Luther.)

 

For centuries, priests stood before the people, spouting doctrine in Latin, while the congregation stared out the windows, which blocked their view with biblical pictures. Advertising has always been with us.

 

Fast forward to the 21st century.

 

Most people can read. In fact, most people can read English no matter where they live. (A common language changes the world of mission, but that’s a topic for another day.)

 

Modern architecture is spartan. Windows are functional and colorful, but their messages are often little more than color and geometry. We’ve come to count on literacy.

 

Nevertheless, studies show that the written word, accompanied by visuals, is 80% more effective in communication than the written word alone.

 

What an opportunity for modern worship! Today, we can use images more effectively than ever before. But will we?

 

Some churches use projection. Some flash ads about their ministry and inspirational photos before worship. Some have the order of worship projected, lessening the need for paper bulletins. But this is only the tip of the communication iceberg.

 

Soon each worshiper will have a smartphone or graphic tablet within reach.

 

The immediate reaction from worship leaders is likely to attempt to discourage electronic devices in worship. They will argue that attention should be elsewhere — not without merit. But before we dig ourselves into a hole we can’t crawl out of with this argument, let’s look at how personal media tools could enhance worship on Sunday morning and perhaps extend the worship experience beyond the sanctuary during the week.

 

Oh yes, there is another possibility. Communication with your worshiping community using these devices can begin before Sunday morning. Imagine your congregation coming to worship already primed for the topic of the day!

 

Let’s unplug our 20th century minds for a bit. OK, now take a deep breath. Plug into the 21st century.

 

Consider this.

 

If it was acceptable for worshipers to ponder theology while gazing at elaborate windows while listening to a priest drone, how can it be wrong for worshipers to glance at an equally beautiful image on their iPad—especially images chosen or created specifically to accompany the message of the day?

 

Before you announce to your congregations, “Please turn off your cell phones,” etc., think about how these modern tools might be used in worship.

 

Quit fighting it. Give your worshipers good reasons to turn their devices on. (If you don’t, they will find their own reasons.)

 

This year, beginning with Epiphany, 2×2 started a new series of worship resources. We hope to create weekly slide presentations that can complement the lectionary lessons of the day. We started with the Baptism of Our Lord. The second presentation is Jesus, Lamb of God and this week’s presentation is Jesus Calls His First Disciples.  The presentations reference each of the four lectionary readings. They include about a dozen images. They are completely editable. They can be uploaded to your parish website. They can be shared.

 

In addition, we have a presentation designed to guide discussion on mission statements.

 

Separate images can be used separately on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, or Pinterest. They can be shared.

 

A pastor might refer to them while preaching. They can be used for discussion groups.

 

In the first two weeks these first presentations have already been viewed online about 600 times.

 

It’s a new concept, a new tool.

 

Here’s why it is worth a try.

 

The sermon is a major expense for every congregation. This expensive message is delivered to fewer people. The expense stays the same or grows while the impact wanes. This should be a concern to every congregation.

 

The few people who attend church today live in a world in which more sensory engagement is expected. The sermon, as presented today, is going to become an increasingly archaic form of communication.

 

No wishing it weren’t so is going to change this. It’s a cultural shift. Tomorrow’s worshipers will come to church (we hope) with different expectations.

 

Today’s students do not sit in classrooms with neat rows of desks and chairs facing the front of the room. They sit in a circles with all engaged in conversation. There is less solitary homework and more group projects and hands-on learning. Worship as we know it is going to seem alien to them, especially if their parents did not bring them to church as they were growing up.

 

From the relative absence of people under 40 in worship, this is already a reality.

 

Try something new. Open your sanctuary to the world.

 

Start with this series and then create your own. Involve your members. Students are using Powerpoint in school. They’ll know what to do!

 

Here’s our current library:

Baptism of Our Lord

Jesus, Lamb of God

Jesus Calls His First Disciples

________

photo credit: gdsteam via photopin cc

 

Art: The Pharisee and the Tax Collector

6 Depictions of the Pharisee
and the Publican or Tax Collector

Jesus’ story is a study in contrast. Each of us can probably relate to the story. We may see ourselves as the tax collector even when our actions mimic the Pharisee.

The Pharisee is sure of himself. He is a good man. He has no reason to question his place within the faith. He has followed the law. He does what is expected of him. And he’s thankful for his lot in life. Doesn’t that describe most happy church people?

But the focus is on the little guy—the guy the better people in society look down on. The tax collector is hated. The tax collector is cozy with society’s enemies. The tax collector makes his living at the expense of good Jewish people.

That describes an awful lot of church people, too! It just takes a story from Jesus now and then to set us straight.

And so artists through the ages have visited this story over and over. Let’s start with the iconic portrayal typical of Eastern or Orthodox Christianity.

pharisee5

Icons are painted with meditation in mind. There is enough in this depiction to think about. The relationship of both the Pharisee and the Publican to Judaism is prominent. The artist depicts both men as equal for the purposes of mediation. They are of equal size and position.

Contrast this depiction with another work which is similar in detail but which clearly focuses on the tax collector. Don’t you want to put your hand on his shoulder?

pharisee6

In the next depiction the Pharisee and Publican go head to head. Separate but equal.

pharisee4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Here is another storytelling approach.

pharisee3

The next artist won’t let us forget that this is a story. Jesus is present in the background. His audience is there. The foreground is a stage for his story. The poor tax collector! He even needs a cane to walk!

pharisee2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Last, we show you a modern depiction by artist Bryn Gillette. This contemporary artist painted this rendition in response to a sermon he heard. He tells his story on his website.

The sermon had contrasted the spiritually dead, hypocritical, and self righteous attitude of the pharisee with the persevering faith, obedience, and selfless stewardship of a true disciple of Jesus.

I tried to paint this familiar scene from the more shocking spiritual lens of what was happening within the two figures: the pharisee’s self righteous posture emanating darkness, spiritually dead but covered by a veneer of beautiful color, while the tax collector is contrite in posture, full of life, covered in humble earth tones, and shimmering with God’s anointing. —Bryn Gillette

And so the pharisee is a skeleton and the publican has a halo!

It’s great when the artist is still around to help us understand his work!

Here’s an idea. Paint or draw your response to next week’s sermon!

pharisee1

Art: Jesus Cures the Lepers (and others)

Ten Lepers Minus One

We are nearing the end of the year exploring Luke’s Gospel. Soon Jesus will be entering Jerusalem for his final trial.

But as he sets his face for Jerusalem, he encounters still more marginalized members of ancient Palestine—the lepers.

The disease was so feared that colonies were created in the most bleak areas to separate them from the healthy.

Leprosy is rare today. It can be cured. In Jesus’ day it was a disease that you could not hide. It was a death sentence, at least as far as living with any quality of life or ever living with anyone but other lepers ever again. The tenth leper was separating himself from the only people he had probably known since his disease became apparent.

leper6This painting is by William Brassey Hole who lived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Hole was very fastidious in his details. Here is a link that discusses his methods. He traveled to study and learn the culture of the regions he painted. However, he couldn’t escape his time. He often depicts architecture that wasn’t built in Bible times and the wardrobe (which he collected for his models) was often more Arabic than Jewish as the demographics had changed in 1800 years. What I like about this depiction is the focus on the face of the thankful leper. The happy lepers are blips in the background.

leper1

Also from the 19th century is this version by French artist Jean Marie Melchior Doze. He takes a much more dramatic approach to telling this story. All those lepers just begging for Jesus’ attention. Doze concentrates on cure—not the reaction!

leper3The story has long caught the attention of artists for centuries. This dates back to medieval times.

leper5

I like this one with the life of the times depicted as much as the key characters. Jesus is walking along probably passing many a shepherd, goatherd or cowherd. Then he encounters people who need care just as much as the animals need care.

leper2Don’t you just want to join the happy dancers in the background? They are leaping off the page with joy.  This image appears in several places on the web. No one seems to know the artist. If you know, please share. I have a guess but I haven’t been able to verify.

Art in Religion: The Parable of the Mustard Seed

A Topic for the Artist in Each of Us

What a fun topic for all artists of all ages! First there is no need to draw people. Most art on this topic is totally conceptual. A mustard seed is a dot. Who can’t draw a tree?

Most artists who turn to this topic build on the image of the tree. They populate the branches of the tree with doves or birds, often a symbol of qualities such as friendship, camaraderie, peace, purity and happiness in folk art. Earliest depictions use doves, a symbol of God from the Bible. Later artists built on this as you’ll soon see.

As you can see, the telling of this story can be very simple and stylistic.

Earlier artists tend to be more realistic and didactic in their portrayals. The artistic traditions of the Middle Ages, moving into the Renaissance and Enlightenment still had peasant viewers in mind. The reason for the art was to tell the story to people who did not read. Here’s one of the older depictions, drawn by Jan Luyken, a Dutch artist who lived in the 17th century.

mustard1Other depictions are stylistic. One is by an artist from Kazakhstan. Christian art from Kazakhstan!

I don’t know the source of the second depiction. It draws attention to the power of faith, which the seed symbolizes in Jesus’ parable.

The third was designed as a logo. Simply beautiful.

mustard-seed-by-kazakhstan-artistmustard2MustardSeed_LOGO300pxWe’ll close with one of our favorite contemporary artists, James B. Janknegt from Texas. His painting is entitled World’s Smallest Seed. He builds on the aviary symbols of good fortune (quite a collection of fowl, at that) and builds a small city around the base of the tree—including directions to a seed store. Might that be a church?

mustardseed3Have your people draw their version of the tree and the mustard seed parable. What part of the story would they emphasize—the seed of faith, the source of the faith, the tree or the fruit of the tree?

Art and Religion: The Rich Man and Lazarus

The imagery of this parable is rich.

There are more scenes in the story than most parables. We have the earthbound scene featuring the unnamed rich man and the named poor man, Lazarus. But the story moves to the afterlife with Lazarus rewarded in heaven and the rich man suffering eternally in hell. The story is not complete, however, without the depiction of dogs!

We’ll start with a detail from one depiction.

lazarus-2

Artists have great latitude in depicting the story.

Here are two paintings from two artists, both born in Antwerp and active as artists in the early seventeenth century. One is by Bartholomeus van Bassen. He was an architect. You can guess which painting is his! The other is by Frans Francken. You see, artists can’t help but include themselves in paintings! The story by van Bassen’s brush is a vehicle for his love of architecture.

Lazarus-FransFrancken

lazarus-6

One hundred years earlier, Albrecht Altdorfer painted this story in amazing and bizarre detail. Find the monkey. Also note how perspective often is used to indicate importance. The rich man and his wife are so much larger than the servants even though they are in the background. You can spend some time exploring this painting . . . and that’s what the artist had in mind.

lazarus-7

This more modern depiction concentrates on the climax of the story.

lazarus-4

Art in Religion: The Shrewd Manager

This is a tough parable. Even the theologians have a difficult time explaining it. It leaves me wondering if there is something missing to modern ears that might have seemed obvious to the disciples and early Christians. It almost seems as if Jesus is condoning dishonesty.

Having read a number of explanations from people more learned than I, I’ve concluded that it boils down to attitude or perhaps passion. The Shrewd Manager was willing to do whatever he needed to do to protect his relationships. His methods left no one further hurt and generally everyone was happy. He was thinking of himself and his future. Maybe that’s what the disciples needed to hear—that they need to think about the future.

Here is some art that might help us think about this confusing parable.

In most case there are three parts to each painting. The rich man, the shrewd manager and the people who are usually depicted as happily going about their business with their burden in life lessened.

The first painting is from the Coptic tradition of North Africa. “What?” the shrewd merchant is saying. “You want a written report?”

shrewd2

Here we see the interaction of the boss and the manager only.

Next is an etching that also focuses on just the two key players. That guy in the middle is the snitch—the fellow who reported the shrewd manager. I wonder if he was a really good friend of the rich man or if he expected a reward!

But notice the shrewd manager here. He stands before the rich man in humility.

shrewd1The next depiction tells the whole story. Pay attention to all the interaction of the characters. There’s real drama here!

shrewd3

Here is a similar drawing.

shrewd4

We’ll close with a painting by Marinus van Reymerswaele from 1540 back when “witch hats” were fashionable all year round. Once again you have all three elements. The happy debtors. The satisfied merchant and the shrewd manager who is still trying to explain himself even after the rich man has commended him. “It’s all right,” the rich man is saying. “I’ve got most of my money back. The people think well of me. They really like you. Go on your way and be happy. I won’t worry about you. You’ll be fine.”

shrewd5

Art: Three Lost and Found Stories

The Lost Sheep, the Lost Coin, the Lost Child

All lovers of parables are going to have a big day next Sunday. We get three well-known parables for the price of admission. The stories come one after the other in rapid fire.

Jesus is making room for the lost. That includes any of us who feel unworthy and that is probably all of us at one time or another.

The first story is the story of the shepherd who drops everything to find one lost sheep. That lost sheep is worth just as much to the shepherd as the 99 who are doing just what sheep are supposed to be doing—following, minding their own business and causing no trouble. The climax of the story isn’t so much that the sheep is found. It’s the joy that the herd is once again complete.

Here are several pieces of art that tell different aspects of the story.

First is a painting by Marsha Elliot. She sells her work on fineartamerica.com. If you like this as much as I do, you can order it on notecards, etc. (2×2 has no stake in our recommendation.)

The sheep is alone. Perhaps it is searching. Perhaps it is simply frightened.  There is a desolation in the depiction. And yet there is a sense of defiance. This sheep willingly walked away from the others.

parable-of-the-lost-sheep-marsha-elliottThese two paintings show just how perilous taking care of our lost ones can be. Still it’s our duty! The Good Shepherd not only finds the lost sheep but he carries it over the rocky terrain to safety. The second one is by James Tissott.

images

Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Good_Shepherd_(Le_bon_pasteur)_-_James_Tissot_-_overallNow we come to the fun part of the story. The rejoicing that the lost is found. Here are a variety of renditions, followed by an old engraving of the whole story.

par9gleichnis_verlorenen_schafe_hi

parable-of-the-lost-sheep

 

Now it’s time to turn to Jesus’ second attempt to explain God’s love of all his creation. The Parable of the Lost Coin.

This rendition actually combines the two stories. The man has the sheep around his shoulders and the woman has the coin. They are both so happy!

lost_coin_lost_sheep

imgreslostcoinwindow

I won’t get into the story of the Prodigal Son. We’ve covered it before.

But I’ll close with a painting by contemporary artist Daniel Bonnell. Please visit his website to see all his sacred paintings. If you have an empty spot on a church wall consider adding one of his prints. His modern eye will resonate with today’s Christians.

This painting is called The Father’s Forgiveness. Notice the layers of loving embraces. A father is embracing his repentant son, but Someone is also embracing the father.

The Fathers Forgiveness

 

Religion and Art: Philemon and Onesimus

Saint Philémon Welcoming Saint Onésime. Bible historiale. Guiard des Moulins. XIVe.This Sunday’s Gospel (Luke 14:25-33) is visually challenging. You could point to any number of artistic renditions of Jesus carrying the cross.

The story of Philemon, this Sunday’s epistle, offers an interesting alternative.

Philemon had a slave.

Most people of any stature in Paul’s world had slaves. Some estimate that 45% of the population were slaves. That doesn’t leave much room for the concept of employment!

We don’t know what the problem could have been. Slavery presents any number of issues. Whatever the issue, Onesimus (his name means “useful”) seems to have run away. He wasn’t really in hiding, although the penalties for running away were harsh. He went to Paul. Onesimus was seeking help within the structure of the life to which he was born. He had few choices of where to turn.

Paul was acquainted with Philemon. Paul writes a short but interesting letter to Philemon which artfully talks him into accepting the return of Onesimus with grace. He doesn’t use force. Neither does he give him much choice. Had Paul been a free man, he might have personally intervened. He had to rely on the power of his words and his trust in the nature of Philemon and his reputation.

Onesimus probably carried the letter himself, trusting that his master would read it before dealing with him.

It’s an interesting story to study and imagine. Slavery in its worst sense is such a shameful part of our history.

Today, we have other perfectly legal forms of slavery. We can be slaves to the family or slaves to our jobs or bosses. We can be slaves to popularity or the status quo. We can even be slaves to our churches.

Running away is still a temptation. Where would we flee? To whom could we turn for help?

Here are a couple of renditions of the story of Onesimus and Philemon.

Onesimus 1

Art: Luke 14: Invitation to the Banquet

The Invitation to the Great Banquet

I’m on the road this week but took some time to look for art that accompanies this week’s scripture.

This week’s lesson is the parable of the Great Banquet. Jesus tells this story as he is being seated at the dinner table of a Pharisee—one of the richer of people in Jesus’ life. Imagine his reaction to the story as he directs Jesus to his seat. A bit disconcerting?

The offerings are a bit confused with some of the referenced art actually depicting the Wedding in Cana. You can tell because Mary is nearby.

Here is a painting by Cicely Barker from 1934. Notice the crowd of people waiting for their seat at the table. She was best known for her illustrations of fairies.

The Great Banquet

The next painting concentrates on the act of inviting. It is called  Parable of the Great Supper and was painted in 1900 by Eugene Burnand (1850-1921)

Invitation to the Great Banquet

Here’s our own take on the invitation to the banquet table.

Expectations of Modern Christians

 

Some Images to Go With This Week’s Gospel

Art for Luke 13:10-17

We’ve collected a few images to help illustrate this week’s gospel, Luke 13:10-17. Jesus goes to the temple on the Sabbath and reaches out to a crippled woman. He heals her and raises the hackles of temple leaders.

The first is by Juan Rodriguez Juárez, a Spanish artist whose life bridged the 17th and 18th turn of the century.

Painting of Jesus Curing the Crippled Woman

The others are by unidentified artists, generally more modern. Each gives you a slightly different viewpoint. My favorite is the last one!

Enjoy!

cripple3cripple4

cripple2cripple1