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Judith Gotwald

Imagination: The Source of Innovation

Hold “What If?” Parties

innovatorsThe Church is looking for innovation.
Or so they say.

Innovation is usually the result of a very few innovators.

The Church tends to be unkind to innovators. Judgmental.

Result: little innovation.

Every few centuries, an innovator makes a difference. It really doesn’t happen very often. Some of them become “official” saints. Some of them just go down in history—like Martin Luther. Often their bold thinking was sparked by the times, like Martin Luther King, Jr.

Or did Dr. King spark the times?

More often, innovators go unrecognized.

In the day-to-day life of the Church, innovation has a different definition. It doesn’t mean change in a significant way. It means finding a way to stay the same, to keep the same statistics up and the bills paid as the odds grow against that kind of success.

Look at the congregations that are viewed as most successful. Their success is often in doing ministry the same way a bit longer than other churches. Worship Sunday morning. Sunday School. Same staff positions and the same list of committees. Same set of service projects. They are successful. No need to innovate!

Innovation will come from smaller churches.

True innovation is rarely pretty at first. It takes experimentation and a willingness to take significant risks. It can be life-threatening. Ask either Martin!

Church leaders encourage innovation, but they are also waiting in the wings to assess your failures. This might be OK, if their judgment resulted in collaboration and help. However, it often results in property and asset grabs and a demoralizing treatment of church leaders and members.

Have you visited a church that was scheduled to close before the grand closing rally? Have you seen the pain of the people? Have you sensed their feeling of despair, isolation and worthlessness. This will be camouflaged when you bring in the big guns for that all-important closing service, designed to make everything seem all right — when it’s not.

Innovation doesn’t happen very often. It’s just too scary. Innovation requires resources. Those resources are needed to keep doing things the same way.

Innovation is not moving the worship time forward or backward by one hour.

Innovation is not offering Holy Communion every week.

That’s just rearranging the same things that have been part of Church in one form or other since Stephen was stoned.

Innovation is doing things differently. Listening to different people. Looking for different sources of funding. Serving a different need in a different way. Structuring your government differently. Emphasizing a different passage from scripture.

What was Martin Luther’s biggest innovation? Telling the gospel story in the native language of the people. Unheard of at the time. An abomination.

Really, not such a big deal.

What was Martin Luther King, Jr.’s innovation? Believing that all races could live together in peace and equality. This was not only unheard of at the time—it was against the law in many places.

Really, not terrible. Kind of nice. Why didn’t we try this sooner?

What sacred cows are we keeping in our pastures that need a bit of freedom? (I’m not going to use the faddy “resurrection” simile. It’s, frankly, offensive and has led to abusive behavior by church leaders. Churches don’t have to die to be reborn.)

Maybe you have an innovator in your community. Are you giving him or her half a chance?

Be aware: innovation often comes from unlikely places. If you think that by calling a certain pastor, you’ll achieve innovation, you are likely to be disappointed. Your innovators might be sitting in the back row. They might be coming only once every few weeks. They might be 80 years old. They might be 10. They may be “lifers.” They may not have joined—yet.

We need leaders who can imagine, who can think outside the sanctuary, who can ask the “what if” question and rally energy and resources to test new strategies and create new alliances.

What If?

Asking “What if?” is the rabbit’s foot of every creative person. Writers use it. Musicians, Visual artists. All creatives in every field.

  • What if we create a band without brass—just guitars and a drummer? The Beatles.
  • What if break up what we see into dots and strokes of various colors? Impressionism.
  • What if we hold a progressive talent contest that lasts 15 weeks instead of just a one-shot deal? What if we let the people vote? American Idol, a host of copycats and the rise of dozens of young artists.
  • What if we try a different kind of filament? The light bulb.

Host a quarterly What If? Party, where members can dream and brainstorm. Process the ideas presented. Make no decisions for two weeks, at least. Use that fallow time to let people talk, gripe, advocate, hone an idea. . . whatever they need to do.  

Create opportunities for those in opposition to work together. When people work together, they talk. When people talk, amazing things can result.

A What If? Party should have some kind of ice-breaker activities or exercises. Mix people up. Make it fun.

At Redeemer, we once divided people by birthdays. Four groups. One for each season. We had a small bowl on the table for each group. The bowl held slips of paper with a few ideas for a group activity—like tell some jokes, or write a skit about _____, or sing a song. Hey, it’s work to get a group of people to agree on the same song! In this case, the people had to agree on an activity and then take a few minutes to pull it off.

Then we’d have an impromptu talent show. Fun!

This was our ice breaker. There is power in this silliness. People break out of their comfort zones and work side by side with people they see every Sunday but don’t really know.

We’d follow the icebreaker with discussion on various topics.

This created an environment that influenced our ministry every week when we’d sit down together after worship for coffee and soup—at one big table—the “roundtable” (even though it had corners) where we were all equal.

  • What if we ran our own school in our own building?
  • What if we started a web site that reached out?
  • What if we encouraged our African members to invite their friends?
  • What if we found a pastor that spoke Swahili to facilitate this effort?
  • What if we used Swahili in our services?
  • What if we put the outreach in the hands of the African members?
  • What if a youth led the children’s sermon?
  • What if we used some of the equity in our property to expand our ministry?

Of course, getting the results takes time and hard work and you can’t always foresee the obstacles but it’s better than gathering dust or locking doors.

Try a What If? Party and see what happens.

Be prepared for failure. Failure is necessary for well-rooted success.

 

Just Keep At It

ask and it will be givenRedeemer Will Ask, Seek and Knock

That’s the part of the lesson Jesus taught to the disciples when they were challenged in prayer.

  • Ask. It will be given.
  • Seek. You will find.
  • Knock. The door will open.

Following biblical advice, Redeemer will just keep at it. 

We’ve been at it particularly hard for the last six years of our 122-year history.

  • Early on, even before all the lawsuits, we wrote monthly letters, which our presiding bishop, bishop, and trustees steadfastly ignored.
  • One of our members writes regularly to pastors. They hold keys to the doors of the democratic nature of our church government. When they’ve responded at all,  the attitude has been like the head of the household who wants to go back to bed with his children in Jesus’ story. They want to be left alone in their congregations. 
  • We started visiting congregations — all of which voted to take our property for themselves. We know they had been fueled with inflammatory falsehoods, exaggerated tales, one-sided accounts, which influenced them to believe that taking other people’s property, and expelling men, women and children from the church was somehow the godly thing to do. 
  • Early on, we wrote letters or sent cards to the churches. Later we just published our visits on Facebook and our blog. We discovered that other churches are much the same as ours, making their hands-off attitude all the more difficult to fathom. We’ve been to 68 congregations so far. We know more about your ministries than you knew about ours when you voted to take our property.
  • We continued our ministry which led us in innovative directions that could now benefit the whole church. Redeemer’s greatest value is not its corner property in an affluent neighborhood. It is our people who have a 132-year legacy which is still growing despite efforts to pack our ministry in cardboard boxes and store them in the seminary archives. Out of sight. Out of mind.
  • After six years of tiring and expensive conflict we remain an active Christian community that grew new networks when we were excluded from the ELCA. We are obviously viable. We have something to add to the faith community which is our heritage—more now than when you took our land.

And so in the spirit of the Lord’s teaching, we will continue t0 ask, seek and knock.

Ask.

Please recognize our valuable ministry. Return our property to us and partner with us as we all pledged to do 25 years ago when we agreed to be part of the interdependent ELCA.

Seek.

We seek peace and reconciliation. We want to belong—not as second-class citizens with a set of rules just for Redeemer but with the same rights and privileges all member churches share.

Knock.

You know where we are. We know where you are. Why can’t we talk this through?

If what is going on in East Falls is so right, why is it shrouded in hateful vindictiveness? Why is everything so hush-hush? Why are people so afraid to act?

East Falls is still OUR neighborhood. We don’t have to go to community council meetings to court neighborhood leaders. We ARE respected neighborhood leaders, already friends with other neighborhood leaders. The best people to create Lutheran ministry in East Falls are the Lutherans of East Falls.

We have a plan we would like to present to SEPA Synod Council. Our experience is that anything presented privately never sees the light of day. We’ll publish our plan for ministry here first.

Watch for it. Answer the door when we knock. Please.

photo credit: barisoffee via photopin cc

Jesus Prays in Art

jesus_gethsemane-hofmannThe subject of Jesus praying is not one of the more popular themes in art history. We’ll present just three. Two of them are among the most familiar images in Christendom.

Heinrich Hofmann, a German artist who lived in the 1800s, painted the definitive portrait of Jesus praying in the Garden of Gethsemane as shown above. This painting has been copied or reproduced more than any other single religious work of art. Most artists who followed Hofmann in history reference the work and depict Jesus in similar posture and positioning. They use slightly different colors but the root of their work is Hofmann’s portrait.

The original painting is in Riverside Church in New York City, along with a few other works by Hofmann, which include the well-known portrait of boy Jesus in the Temple.

Jesus-praying-in-Gethsemane-by-William-HoleSepia-600-px1-600x553Here’s another drawing of Jesus in Gethsemane by a contemporary of  Hofmann’s. The artist was William Brassey Hole. He lived in Scotland from 1846-1917. In this painting, Jesus is a small detail amidst an imposing garden. Is that how you sometimes feel when you talk to God? Does it make you feel part of something larger? Or does it make you feel less significant?

Albrecht-Durer-Hands-Praying-GC-731x1024

Last, we present the work of Albrecht Durer, a 16th century contemporary of Martin Luther. This work was also copied by other aspiring artists who idolized Durer’s draftsmanship. You can almost see the blood pulsing through the veins!

Just for fun let’s compare the hands of Christ in two of these paintings. Below is a detail of the most famous painting of Jesus praying.

Jesus' Hands

 

Addressing Fear in the Pew

fearful eyesHow to keep fear from crippling your congregation

Sometimes when analyzing mission and ministry it’s helpful to put ourselves in the pew—to sit figuratively next to each parishioner or visitor and ask, Why are you here?

This is a different question than the more often asked question, Why don’t people come to church?

Why do loyal church members come week after week to participate in the same rituals? What are they thinking as they wait quietly in the pew for the organ music to begin? Listen patiently for the answer. It might not be the first thing that we imagine.

Many people come to church with some form of fear.

There is nothing more humbling than fear.

  • Fear of inadequacy.
  • Fear of failure.
  • Fear of authority.
  • Fear of consequences.
  • Fear of loneliness.
  • Fear of not fitting in.
  • Fear of pain or discomfort.
  • Fear of death.
  • Fear of loss.
  • Fear of the unknown.
  • Fear that dreams will never be achieved.
  • Fear that nightmares will never end.

And so we seek relationship with God. But how do we build relationships when we are so afraid?

This is the crisis that brought the disciples to Jesus with this week’s Gospel plea.

Lord, teach us to pray. 

Prayer, we hope, will relieve our fears. Prayer will show us a path through the maze of uncertainties. Prayer will be there when all else fails.

But what happens when prayer fails us.

The temptation is to drop away from Church—distance ourselves from God—fill every minute with activity to avoid facing our deepest concerns—hide like Jonah in the belly of a ship headed far away from our problems.

This happens to us as individuals and collectively as church leaders.

How do we nurture the relationship we already have with God? How do we use that relationship to build relationship among God’s people?

A congregation, its members or leaders, cannot serve when cowed.

We all know the first answer Jesus gave to the disciples. The opening words to the Lord’s Prayer used every week in every church.

But Jesus doesn’t stop there. Jesus adds important advice.

Keep at it. Just keep at it.

The people who are in church are heeding Jesus advice. Do we take them for granted? Do we overlook their problems and fears as we seek to solve bigger, more selfish, church problems?

The church that actively addresses the fears of the people who enter a sanctuary week after week (no matter how few or how old) will be ready to recognize the fears brought through their doors by their next visitors.

We all come with baggage.

T’was Grace that taught my heart to fear.
And Grace, my fears relieved.

photo credit: alles-schlumpf via photopin cc

Adult Object Lesson: Luke 11:1-13

medium_4359212372Lord, teach us to pray.

Today’s object is a door or perhaps a knocker. You’ll want to be able to physically knock in some way or other as you teach today’s object lesson.

The subject today is prayer.

Prayer or conversation with God is foundational to faith. Yet so many people feel inadequate when it comes to prayer.

Today’s gospel starts with this inadequacy. “Lord, teach us to pray.”

The disciples plead with Jesus for help in talking to God. There was no door between them and God. They could reach out and touch him. Yet, they felt inadequate.

Jesus gives them a brief example of prayer using the words that have come to be known as the Lord’s Prayer. However, Jesus knows that the problem is not the words but the attitude we have when we stand at the door and knock. He quickly moves on by telling a story.

Knocking on a door, as any salesperson knows, is frightening. You don’t know what might happen or whom you might encounter. You might be turned away—rejected. There is no worse feeling. It’s feels a bit safer when we know who is behind the door.

Jesus knows our fear.

He tells the story about the man who was embarrassed that he was ill-prepared to welcome a guest. The man didn’t let his shortcomings stop him from trying. It may help to remind your learners that in biblical times it was a true embarrassment to be unable to meet the needs of a stranger asking for hospitality. Modern hearers of this word will be tempted to side with the neighbor who was dragged out of bed in the middle of the night.

The man in Jesus’ story was humiliated when he went to a neighbor at the most inopportune time. When the neighbor tried to turn him away, he persisted. He was willing to risk his honor, pride and reputation to knock again and again on the neighbor’s door until his plea was answered. Jesus wants us to have that same need to knock on His door no matter what our state.

Today’s passage ends with a promise from Jesus. It’s still all about knocking on the door.

Have your learners repeat the passage once or twice. Some will know it by memory.

“Ask, and it will be given to you; search, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened for you. For everyone who asks receives, and everyone who searches finds, and for everyone who knocks, the door will be opened”

It’s not a bad passage to memorize. It will come in handy when we reach out with all our feelings of inadequacy to knock on God’s door. We don’t know what will happen when the door opens. But we DO know who is waiting to open the door! We knock with God’s permission and promise — and that’s half the battle. He has already helped us. He gave us the words to use. And we need to nurture our faith to be able to receive the answer.

Here is another visual help. Most of us pass this reminder every day in our neighborhoods and perhaps even our own homes. We see it on TV in every manner of home — Christian and non-Christian.

f0208-03It’s a standard door design dating to colonial America—the cross and Bible door. The pattern forms the cross on top and open Bible below. Your adult learners can think of this passage when they see this door—and before they knock on it!

Opening photo credit: JohnnyEnglish via photopin cc

On Looking People in the Eye

boy looks owl in the eyePreferring to Work with Strangers

Today’s church is in trouble. Everybody in the church knows it. Some (fairly few) congregations are still large enough to get by without facing the new age but most churches are feeling just how tough the next two decades are likely to be.

The answer in our area of the church (the Southeastern Pennsylvania Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America) has been to check out on the people who have brought the church this far. They prefer to look for new faces to deal with—if they can find any. New faces will be easier to manage. They have no heritage at stake.

That was said to us at Redeemer in so many words by Bishop Claire Burkat.

White Redeemer must be allowed to die.
Black Redeemer . . .  we can put them anywhere.

Beyond this, when it looked like the judge was going to rule in our favor, Synod scurried and wrote a proposal to the judge. The proposal was that they would reopen Redeemer under their control and our current members were welcome to attend but would not be allowed any leadership role.

The judge sidestepped all the issues and ruled that he has no jurisdiction in church affairs. The appellate court ruled in its dissenting opinion that if the law were applied, Redeemer’s arguments should have been heard.

SEPA has hidden behind this dubious win and interpreted it as having free reign. In fact, they have free reign as long as members do not exercise their constitutional roles in running their church. The courts don’t want to do this job for you.

The problem with this conflict is that from the start, SEPA refused to deal with members. If they were to have any presence in our community, they wanted it on their terms with different people, who we can presume would thrive as long as they voted the right way.

Seth Godin addresses this modern phenomenon in our society in today’s post.

When we want to deceive or lash out, it’s easy to do. Hey, there’s always someone else we can start over with, relationships and even reputations are disposable. We don’t have to look you in the eye, it’s dark in here, and we’re wearing a mask.’

He calls this approach “an experiment in fake.”

It turns strangers into actors on a screen, and sometimes we help them, but often, we become inured to their reality, and treat them with a callousness and indifference we’d never use in our village.

Recently, I was cleaning out the home of a deceased pastor. I found a folder on a prominent table. In that folder was The Lutheran article about the life and death of one of the founding leaders of the Lutheran Church in America, Dr. Franklin Clark Fry. With it was an article from Time magazine that called him “Mr. Lutheran.” There was also a bulletin from his funeral.

Then on June 6 of this year, someone from this pastor’s family called me to honor Dr. Fry’s “glory day.”

I was surprised that anyone would recall a death of a church leader in 1968 and that they would think to call me. I am only remotely connected to Dr. Fry. His grandchildren are my cousins. But I was struck by the power of his leadership and influence. I’d heard plenty of stories about him as I grew up—mostly about how he insisted that congregations and clergy follow the rules. He would meet personally with people when he could have mailed a letter or picked up the phone.

His leadership had lasting influence.

That influence is waning as Lutheran leaders exert less and less power with more and more force.

The people they lead are treated as expendable. If you don’t think so, try disagreeing.

When this happens in the church — an institution that is supposed to matter — things get phony fast.

Our leaders no longer know the people they are leading. They never deal with them. They use clergy as intermediaries. They don’t respond to mail or email. They speak to us through letters and email blasts and call it “mutual discernment.” They deny us voice and vote in Assembly and rely on no one enforcing the rules—or even knowing what the rules are.

They are afraid to look their own people in the eye.

As Seth says. When you look people in the eye, you own the results.

You want to resolve things in East Falls? Look us in the eye.

photo credit: pcgn7 via photopin cc

Ambassadors Visit Immanuel, Somerton neighborhood, Philadelphia

immanuel-somerton
Today we made our 68th visit to a SEPA congregation. We traveled up the Boulevard for the 9:30 service at Immanuel, Somerton—a congregation in Philadelphia’s far NE, proud of its German heritage. The 9:30 service is advertised as the English service.

We were greeted as we got out of our car near the sanctuary door. A friendly woman directed us downstairs. In the summer they gather less formerly in their fellowship hall. The service was short and employed minimal elements of the liturgy. We sang only two hymns, both to familiar tunes with revised words. It seems that the congregation uses the summer to catch up on mission opportunities. This week the pastor was concentrating on relations with Islam. Next week, the bulletin announced a speaker from a SEPA Social Service Agency. The week before featured a different local mission project.

The topic of Islam holds special interest to this congregation as there has been some concern in Germant with Islamic immigration and an organized attempt by one group in Cologne to distribute copies of the Koran. The pastor, The Rev. Sönke Schmidt-Lange, said that their distribution method would be akin to Bishop Burkat urging SEPA Lutherans to buy a new Bible for themselves and at the same time give a Bible to someone not of the faith. He spoke of fear of Islamic extremism and referenced other extreme actions in history based on religious conviction.

The service traveled a bit today. After the passing of the peace, the congregation migrated to a spot on their ample grounds where a tree was being blessed as a memorial to a deceased member. They were then returning to the church for coffee and to view a 25-minute video on Islam. The pastor seemed to have done ample research in preparing for the discussion. Presumably, the German members arriving for the second service could also view the video.

We invite Immanuel to take the message of today’s sermon seriously and put their pastor’s suggestion in action.

Pakistan Palm SundayRedeemer, through its 2×2 online ministry, has been working with a mission effort in Pakistan which is truly impressive. Our mission friends there have initiated a project. They are intent upon starting 1000 home churches in Pakistan this year and they are looking to provide 1000 Bibles in the Urdu language — one for each home church. Each Bible costs about $16. We will be glad to forward any offerings for the purchase of Urdu Bibles in Pakistan to this mission project in a manner that would ensure every dollar going towards mission. You can read about their ministry on this site.

This is a mission effort in a land which is hostile to Christianity. Our friends write to us often about persecution. They told us of how a Lutheran church burned during the uprising caused by the critical internet video a few months ago.

And so we should be supporting their work in Pakistan while being less fearful of our new Islamic neighbors.

Redeemer can tell you this. Our friends who came to Christianity from Islamic roots have been very supportive of our ministry during our five-year exile from SEPA — while most SEPA Christians have turned their backs on us.

ELCA statistics have the baptized membership of Immanuel as 441.

While the congregation migrated for the tree blessing, we spoke with a member who shared with us news of their VBS program. They don’t have young children anymore but they had a program for 10 enthusiastic youngsters. I gave them the link to our VBSaid.com web site.

There were about 50 at worship, including just one child. The numbers were swelled a bit, they told us, as the family of the person for whom the tree is a memorial were present for the blessing.

They historic roots are closer to center city. They moved to the far NE part of the city some 25 years ago. The diaspora continues, according to one member. Their younger members are moving still farther from the city.

That leaves them with a mission challenge right there in Somerton!

 

SEPA’s Mission: Plant It, Water It, Watch It Grow

and then what?

SEPA's Mission Theme

Teaching Hospitality in the Modern Church

It’s Got to Be Carefully Taught

Hospitality is a theme of today’s lectionary texts, most notably the story of how Jesus was welcomed by Mary and Martha and how Sarah and Abraham welcomed the three mystical guests in the desert.

There were rules for hospitality in Bible days. Life was more precarious. Failure to welcome a traveler in the desert was to risk the stranger’s life.

There was a time when our society had a code of etiquette that included hospitality. Although etiquette and hospitality are different, the two become intertwined and so sometimes we think that because we are not impolite that we are hospitable.

Hospitality is an evangelism skill set that needs to be taught and nurtured, especially among our young.

We’ve spent the last generation teaching our children to be wary of strangers and that translates into how they have learned to welcome strangers who enter our churches.

In many cases our young people, now adults, have learned the lesson. Don’t talk to strangers.

Hospitality must be modeled.

Church leaders—clergy, staff, elected representatives—must be trained in hospitality and actively model a welcoming attitude every time the church doors are open and whenever they talk about their church with others. Always end a conversation with an invitation.

I learned this from watching my father who was a career pastor. He’d encounter someone on the street or in a store who might have been absent from church life for a long time.

He’d greet them warmly.

Hi, George. How are things with you? We missed you at the midweek service last Wednesday (whatever the most recent event had been).

The response was always the same.

“You missed me on Wednesday? I haven’t been in church for five years.”

“We missed you all the same. I hope we’ll see you next Sunday.”

Hospitality must be taught.

This can easily be done through the vehicle of the children’s sermon. The adults will be listening. Teach the children to introduce themselves and to shake hands with one another, with the congregation, and with visitors.

Many people don’t greet visitors because they don’t know what to say.  Teach the children some scripts. They will come in handy for everyone.

Welcome. Is this your first visit to [name your church]?

Are you visiting or do you live near by?

These two questions are enough to get a basic conversation started. Assure people that the answers to these questions will spark the next questions.

 What’s your work?

Do you have family in the area?

Is there anything I/we can do for you?

Tell us about your family, church or concerns.

The problem with hospitality is that most churches think they are very welcoming. The sign out front says welcome. The bulletin says welcome. They gave you a seat in a pew. They passed you the peace during the liturgy. That’s enough.

Our Ambassadors have visited 66 local churches. We frequently come and go without a single word.

It’s easy to remember the churches that welcomed us with conversation, with offers of help during the service, or with an invitation. There aren’t that many!

The Book of Sirach

Ageless Teaching for Modern Preaching

Where can you find the Book of Sirach?

Not in the Protestant Bible.

The Book of Sirach is just beginning to creep into Protestant scriptural teaching.  It is written in the style of Wisdom literature — like Proverbs.

This interesting book has been around a long time, flirting with broad acceptance. It holds a strong position in Jewish literature. Scholars believe Jesus was familiar with its teachings and referred to it in some of his most memorable quotes.

At pivotal times in religious history, the years the great minds of Christianity were deciding what would become part of accepted Christian scripture, Sirach was hiding behind the cathedral doors. Scholars just weren’t sure of its authenticity. This was reviewed at least twice—in the early years of the Christianity and again in the years of the Reformation. At this point, Protestant church leaders rejected it while Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Christian traditions included it.

Then came the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1946-1956. These carefully hidden manuscripts, unearthed after 1900 years shed new light on old thinking. There, among the crumbling scrolls, was the Book of Sirach— the writings of Joshua ben Sirach, great teacher of religion in Jerusalem and Egypt, predating Jesus’ walk on earth by about 175 years.

And so, today, with this new evidence of authenticity, the words of Sirach are finding their way into Protestant churches, proving that good teaching is ageless (and better than riches).

Here’s a sample. Every school child of any religion, might memorize this. (Each couplet is a plot foundation for an upcoming television drama!)

Sirach 6:5-17

A Faithful Friend

A kind mouth multiplies friends,
and gracious lips prompt friendly greetings.

Let your acquaintances be many,
but one in a thousand your confidant.

When you gain a friend, first test him,
and be not too ready to trust him—

for one sort of friend is a friend when it suits him,
but he will not be with you in time of distress.

Another is a friend who becomes an enemy,
and tells of the quarrel to your shame.

Another is a friend, a boon companion,
who will not be with you when sorrow comes.

When things go well, he is your other self,
and lords it over your servants;

But if you are brought low,
he turns against you and avoids meeting you.

Keep away from your enemies;
be on your guard with your friends.

A faithful friend is a sturdy shelter;
he who finds one finds a treasure.

A faithful friend is beyond price,
no sum can balance his worth.

A faithful friend is a life-saving remedy,
such as he who fears God finds;

For he who fears God behaves accordingly,
and his friend will be like himself.